InvestMoat

Systematic Equity Research · Est. 2026

The IM25
vs the S&P 500

25 high-moat names chosen for an AI-driven world.

Flexible tools for a concentrated book.

25Conviction holdings
139Names under coverage
≥80 · ≥70Composite · moat floor
10%Max position weight

Why systematic moat investing?

01

01

Economic Moats Compound

The best businesses become harder to compete with over time. Pricing power, switching costs, and network effects strengthen as the business scales, delivering above-market returns on capital for decades.

02

02

AI Rewrites the Playbook

Most competitive advantages are AI-vulnerable. Network effects, proprietary data, and regulatory lock-in carry 80% of the moat score — the advantages AI cannot replicate or destroy. Bundling and encoded workflow still count, at 20%.

03

03

Concentration Beats Diversification

Owning 500 companies means funding mediocrity at scale. 25 high-conviction positions, each earning its place with composite ≥80 and moat ≥70, concentrate capital where it compounds fastest.

How every stock earns its score

Moat Strength
40%

10 weighted moat types. Resilient group 80%, vulnerable 20%. Strength bonus up to +3 for extra strong resilient pillars.

Network Effects
w=15
Proprietary Data
w=12
System of Record
w=12
Regulatory Lock-in
w=11
Transaction Embedding
w=10
Growth Trajectory
30%

Blended 3-5 year revenue CAGR with named adjustments:

≥30% CAGR → 90 base points
15-30% CAGR → 80 base points
8-15% CAGR → 70 base points
±4 pts driver trajectory & margin trend
0 to -15 pts for key-risk severity
Live Valuation
30%

Price vs. scenario targets with live price feeds:

At Bear target → 90 pts
At Base (fair value) → 65 pts
At Bull target → 45 pts
100 pts at 0.8x bear, 0 pts at 2x bull
Live price per stock, scenarios refreshed quarterly
≥ 82Strong Buy
75 – 81Accumulate
68 – 74Hold
60 – 67Speculative Buy
< 60Avoid

The bands rate an asset on its own merits; portfolio inclusion is separate and stricter. Each pillar is standardised against the coverage universe before weighting, so a 1-sd move in any pillar shifts the composite in proportion to its stated weight. Eligibility requires composite ≥ 80 and moat ≥ 70. The 25 is a committed book. Live scores do not hire or fire the names.

Not all moats survive the AI era

Every business is scored across 10 competitive advantages. Five are AI-resilient (80% of the score) because AI cannot replicate them; five are AI-vulnerable (20%) because intelligent agents can increasingly substitute for them — they modify the durable score, they do not match it. Each moat is rated strong (100) · intact (65) · weakened (35) · destroyed (0) · na (excluded). Individual moats can be reclassified per company where AI strengthens rather than erodes them — NVIDIA's CUDA, Palantir's ontology.

AI-Resilient Moats
80% of moat score · weights inside group: 15 / 12 / 12 / 11 / 10

Network Effects

Value compounds with every new participant

w=15

Following Metcalfe's Law, value scales with the square of participants. Every new user makes the network more valuable for all existing users — an enormous structural disadvantage for any challenger.

iMessage / AirDrop ecosystemBitcoin liquidity depthSolana developer ecosystem

Proprietary Data

Private, compounding data flywheels

w=12

Data that accumulates privately over time and cannot be purchased or replicated. The longer the company operates, the harder it becomes to catch up. Think HealthKit biometrics, Palantir's classified datasets, or Visa's transaction graph.

Apple HealthKitPalantir datasetsVisa transaction network

System of Record

The authoritative source of truth

w=12

The company's data store is the canonical reference all downstream systems defer to. Replacing it requires migrating years of history and retraining every workflow built on top — so customers never voluntarily leave.

iCloud Photos / ContactsSalesforce CRMEpic EHR systems

Regulatory Lock-In

Government licences, certifications & mandates

w=11

Advantages granted by law: FDA approvals, financial licences, index inclusion, spectrum rights. These cannot be automated away; the certification process itself is the moat.

Bitcoin spot ETF approvalMastercard banking licencesMSCI / S&P index inclusion

Transaction Embedding

Sitting inside the payment layer

w=10

The business is embedded directly in the financial flow of every transaction. Removing it requires rebuilding critical infrastructure — not just switching a preference.

Visa / Mastercard railsStripe payment infrastructureApp Store commerce layer
AI-Vulnerable Moats
20% of moat score · weights inside group: 14 / 10 / 8 / 5 / 3

Business Logic

Embedded operational workflows

w=14

The software encodes years of accumulated business rules that employees rely on daily. While this creates significant switching costs today, AI can increasingly model and reproduce business logic, gradually eroding the cost of migration.

SAP ERP configurationsMDM device policiesLegacy COBOL systems

Bundling

Value from combining complementary products

w=10

Multiple products packaged together create convenience that point solutions can't match. AI-driven software commoditises features rapidly, making it easier for focused challengers to replicate any single element.

Apple One subscriptionMicrosoft 365 suiteGoogle Workspace

Learned Interfaces

Fluency built through years of UI habit

w=8

Users invest time mastering a specific interface — keyboard shortcuts, mental models, workflows. AI agents increasingly abstract away the interface layer, letting users command outcomes without learning a specific UI.

macOS / iOS UXFinal Cut ProAdobe Creative Suite

Talent Scarcity

Rare human expertise as competitive advantage

w=5

The business depends on a small pool of specialists whose skills are hard to find. AI augments and in some domains replaces highly skilled human work, compressing the scarcity premium over time.

NVIDIA CUDA teamTSMC process engineersQuantitative hedge funds

Public Data Access

Privileged access to publicly available information

w=3

The company has a head-start aggregating data that is technically public but expensive to compile. AI web-crawlers and LLMs rapidly close this gap by training on the same underlying sources.

Bloomberg terminal dataCredit bureau aggregationMarket data vendors

Each moat is rated strong (100) · intact (65) · weakened (35) · destroyed (0) · na (excluded). Inapplicable moats use status na and drop out of their group. The two groups blend 80 / 20 (resilient / vulnerable). A thin resilient book is blended toward intact, and a strength bonus of +1 to +3 rewards additional strong resilient moats beyond the second. That produces the Moat Score (40% of composite).

Questions worth asking

View the IM25

Explore the allocation, then drill into coverage, sectors, or the cross-cutting research — with moat scores, scenarios, and live valuations throughout.